WASHINGTON - The Clinton administration implemented a final ergonomics standard designed to prevent the estimated 460,000 workplace injuries caused each year in the United States by repetitive motion.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard, which becomes effective Jan. 16, requires employers to take steps for workers to avoid musculoskeletal disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome or back injuries caused by repeated motion on the job.

The government expects the measure to save society an estimated $9.1 billion each year at an annual cost to employers of $4.5 billion for training, administration and workplace alterations. Business groups oppose the standard, saying it is based on unsound science, and plan to mount a legal challenge. One such group, the Employment Policy Foundation, estimated the annual cost to businesses at $125.6 billion.